Our Department is get ready to conduct "INTER-DEPARTMENT COMPETITIONS"on...

                Our department is get ready to conduct the "INTER-DEPARTMENT COMPETITIONS" on  28 Feb 2018. In that our college students and staffs are involved. 

Our Department III BCA students published paper in "ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER"...

NAME         :R.NIVETHA ,G.PAVITHRA ,S.UMA MAGESHWARI

CLASS        :III-BCA

COLLEGE :MARUDHAR  KESARI JAIN COLLEGE  FOR WOMEN

TOPIC        :ROBOTICS  AND  COMPUTER

ROBOTICS  AND  COMPUTER

ABSTRACT:

Ourselves  Nivetha,Pavithra,Uma Mageshwari  from 3^rd Computer Application at Marudhar kesari jain  college as I wish to publish paper conducted  by department of business administration  of marudhar  kesari jain college  in the topic  of robotics  and  computer. In this paper  we  are  going to see about the meaning of robots,history of robotics,types of robots,laws of robotics,essential characteristics of robots,purpose of robotics, how does  nasa use robots,what are robotics arms,how does nasa use robotic  airplanes,how can robots help astronauts, robotics in industry,types of job in robotics,industrialrobots for different applications

             Computer,history of computer ,parts of computer,Internal parts of computer,uses of computer,advantages of computer,disadvantages of computer,conclusion.

What is a robot?

 It is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task.

·         Designing, building, programming and testing a robots is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing.

·         In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved. A study of robotics means that students are actively engaged with all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-posing problem-solving environment.

Robotics is the study of robots. Robots are machines that can be used to do jobs. Some robots can do work by themselves. Other robots must always have a person telling them what to do.

History of  Robotics:

·         The first industrial robot: UNIMATE

·         1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to   Unimation,   which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962).

·         1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by unimation with a general motors design support

·         1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.

·         1995-present: Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up

·         2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars

Types of  Robot:

Ø                          Manipulator

Ø                          Legged Robot

Ø                          Wheeled Robot

Ø                          Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Ø                          Unmanned aerial  Vehicle

Laws  of  Robotics:

• Asimov proposed three  “Laws of Robotics” and later added the “zeroth law”

• Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

• Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law

• Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law

• Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law 

 Essential characteristics:

• Sensing:

First of all your robot would have to be able to sense its surroundings. It would do this in ways that are not unsimilar to the way that you sense your surroundings. Giving your robot sensors: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and sonar sensors (ears), and taste sensors (tongue) will give your robot awareness of its environment.

• Movement:

 A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether rolling on wheels, walking on legs or propelling by thrusters a robot needs to be able to move. To count as a robot either the whole robot moves, like the Sojourner or just parts of the robot moves, like the Canada Arm.

• Energy

 A robot needs to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered, electrically powered, battery powered. The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.

·         Intelligence

 A robot needs some kind of "smarts." This is where programming enters the pictures. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its 'smarts.' The robot will have to have some way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

What is the purpose of  robotics?

Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of  robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies are used to develop machines that can substitute for humans

Knowledgebase for Robotics Disciplines, mathematics, physics, biology, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science

How Does NASA Use Robots? 
NASA uses robots in many different ways. Robotic arms on spacecraft are used to move very large objects in space. Spacecraft that visit other worlds are robots that can do work by themselves. People send them commands. The robots then follow those commands. This type of robot includes the rovers that explore the surface of Mars. Robotic airplanes can fly without a pilot aboard. NASA is researching new types of robots that will work with people and help them.

What Are Robotic Arms?
NASA uses robotic arms to move large objects in space. The space shuttle's "Canadarm" robot arm first flew on the shuttle's second mission in 1981 the larger Canadarm2. It could be used to. Telescope on five different repair missions. The shuttle and space station arms work together to help build the station. The robotic arms have been used to move new parts of the station into place. The arms also can be used to move astronauts around the station on spacewalks station's. It moves along the outside of the station like an inchworm, attached at one end at a time.An astronaut or someone in Mission Control must control these roboticarms.

How Does NASA Use Robotic Airplanes?
NASA uses many airplanes called UAVs. UAV stands for unmanned aerial vehicle. These planes do not carry pilots aboard them. Some UAVs are flown by remote control by pilots on the ground. Others can fly themselves, with only simple directions. UAVs provide many benefits. The planes can study dangerous places without risking human life. For example, UAVs might be used to take pictures of a volcano.

How Can Robots Help Astronauts?
NASA is developing new robots that could help people in space. For example, one of these ideas is called Robonaut. Robonaut looks like the upper body of a person. It has a chest, head and arms. Robonaut could work outside a spacecraft, performing tasks like an astronaut on a spacewalk. NASA also is studying the possibility of other robots

Robots also can be used as scouts to check out new areas to be explored. Scout robots can take photographs and measure the terrain. This helps scientists and engineers make better plans for exploring.

ROBOTS IN INDUSTRY:

•Agriculture

•Automobile

•Construction

•Entertainment

•Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc.

•Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.

•Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.

• Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.

•Utilities: gas, water, and electric

Types of  job  In  Robotics:

Ø  Robotics  Engineer

Ø  Software Developer

Ø  Technician

Ø  Sales  Engineer

Ø  Robotics   Account Manager

Ø  Opertors

Industrial robots for different applications

The application is the type of work that the robot is designed to do. Robot models are created with specific applications or processes in mind. Different applications will have different requirements. Depending on the target application, the industrial robot will have a specific type of movement, linkage dimension, control law, software and accessory packages.

some types of applications:

§  Welding robots

§  Material handling robots

§  Palletizing robot

§  Painting robot

§  Assembly robot

§  Serial or parallel industrial robots

§  Industrial robot brands

Conclusion:

               people correctly viewed their a computer system as a processor connected to passive peripherals. These include preprocessing data to mitigate the I/O bottleneck, hard-coding functions onto a device for fast, easily supported applications, and supporting application-specific functionality Today we find most robots working for people in industries, factories, warehouses, and laboratories Finally, as the technology improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials. 

Our Department get ready to conduct the State Level seminar on 17 Feb 2018...

          Our department is get ready to conduct the "STATE LEVEL SEMINAR" on 17 Feb 2018. In that our students and staff are involved. 

Our staffs attend the International Conference -EECCMC at PEC...

 Our department Staff members  Ms.R.Sandhiya and Ms.Prithi were attend a "International Conference"at Priyadharshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi on 28 & 29 Jan 2018.

Topic "Electrical,Electronics, Computer,Communication,Mechanical and Computing (EECCMC)".

     

ROBOTICS-PAPER PUBLISHED BY IIIYr student...

TITLE OF THE PAPER      :  ROBOTICS

NAME OF THE AUTHOR  :  VARALAKSHMI.M(III_BCA)

NAME OF THE COLLEGE:  MARUDHAR KESARI JAIN COLLEGE FOR WOMEN -

                                                                                                              VANIYAMBADI                     

UNIVERSITY                       :  THIRUVALLUVAR

DEPARTMENT                    :  BACHELOR   OF COMPUTER APPLICATION 

  

ROBOTICS

Abstract:

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation and application of robots  and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921. The word robot comes from the Slavic word robota, which is used to refer forced labor.  These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans, in hazardous or manufacturing processes, or simply just resemble humans. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.  At present mostly (lead-acid) batteries are used as a power source. Many different types of batteries can be used as a power source for robots. This is essential for robots to perform their tasks, and act upon any changes in the environment to calculate the appropriate response  robotics is a rapidly growing field, as we continue to research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, exploring shipwrecks, and mines. 

History of Robotics:

• The first industrial robot: UNIMATE
• 1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to Unimation, which becomes  the name of the first robot company (1962).

• 1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by unimation with a general motors design support.
• 1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce         programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical         engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.
• 1995-present: Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up

Introduction To Robots:

 The first thing that comes to mind when you think of a robot:

For many people it is a machine that imitates a human like the androids in Star Wars, Terminator and Star Trek: The Next Generation. However much these robots capture our imagination, such robots still only inhabit Science Fiction. People still haven't been able to give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. However, Rodney Brooks and his team at MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab are working on creating such humanoid robots.

The type of robots that you will encounter most frequently are robots that do work that is too dangerous, boring, onerous, or just plain nasty. Most of the robots in the world are of this type. They can be found in auto, medical, manufacturing and space industries. In fact, there are over a million of these type of robots working for us today.

Some robots like the Mars Rover Sojourner and the upcoming Mars Exploration Rover, or the underwater robot Caribou help us learn about places that are too dangerous for us to go. While other types of robots are just plain fun for kids of all ages. Popular toys such as Teckno, Polly or AIBO ERS-220 seem to hit the store shelves every year around Christmas time.

But exactly  robot is:

As strange as it might seem, there really is no standard definition for a robot. However, there are some essential characteristics that a robot must have and this might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what features you will need to build into a machine before it can count as a robot.

Types of robot:

There are six main types of industrial robots: cartesian, SCARA, cylindrical, delta, polar and vertically articulated. However, there are several additional types of robot configurations. Each of these types offers a different joint configuration. The joints in the arm are referred to as axes.

A robot has these essential characteristics:

Ø  Sensing First of all your robot would have to be able to sense its surroundings. It would do this in ways that are not unsimilar to the way that you sense your surroundings. Giving your robot sensors: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and sonar sensors (ears), and taste sensors (tongue) will give your robot awareness of its environment.

Ø  Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether rolling on wheels, walking on legs or propelling by thrusters a robot needs to be able to move. To count as a robot either the whole robot moves, like the Sojourner or just parts of the robot moves, like the Canada Arm.

Ø  Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered, electrically powered, battery powered. The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.

Ø  Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts." This is where programming enters the pictures. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its 'smarts.' The robot will have to have some way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

Advantages of Robots:

·         The people should know the importance of robots to help them to better determine when to use and when to not use the robots , The robots can go to far away the planets , They can be used to explore the space , They can spy on the people in ways the people can’t move and from views the humans can’t reach .

·         The robots can go far down into the unknown places where the humans would be crushed , They can give us the information that the humans can’t get , They can work at places 24/7 without any salary and food , Plus they don’t get bored .

·         The robots can perform the tasks faster than the humans and much more consistently and accurately , They become more common each and every day  , The robotic pets can help the patients with depression and they keep them active .

·         Most of robots are automatic so , they can move without any human interference , they can entertain us and they can help us in certain tasks ,You can send them to dangerous environment such as the deep sea or the war-zones .

·         You can use the robots to produce the products in the factories such as assembling the cars , They can also be used to build the parts for many products such as the plane parts , the car parts and the construction supplies .

·         The robots do anything which we need to be precise , accurate , New jobs are created because the people have to fix and design the robots , The robots can work without sleep , So they can work 24/7/365 .

·        The robots can endure the hostile environment of the interplanetary space ,They are made that the planetary atmospheres do not affect their physical state and performance , They can replace the human beings in many areas of work , They can shoulder greater responsibilities and they can be programmed to manage themselves .

·     The robots can be programmed to reach the Earth’s nadirs , They can be used to dig for the fuels , They can be used for mining purposes , They can be harnessed for exploring the depths of oceans , They can be used to overcome the limitations that humans have .

·    The robots can be used in carrying out the repetitive and time-consuming tasks efficiently , They are used to do dangerous tasks , They can adjust their parameters like their speed and time , They can act quickly , unaffected by the factors that affect the humans .

·      The robots do not require to sleep or take breaks , They are able to function without stopping ,  When employed to carry out dangerous tasks , the risk to the human health and safety is reduced , They can work long time without service or maintenance , And they can be more productive than the people .

·     The robots can not tremble or shake as the human hands do ,They can have much smaller and versatile moving parts than the people , They have performed the medical surgeries because they can be faster and more precise than the people .

·     The robots are designed to work in the harsh environments like in the space , without the air , underwater & in the fire , They can be used instead of the people when the human safety is a concern , They can come in any size , Whatever size needed for any task can be created .

·      The robots can do the jobs that the people are unwilling to do , many robotic probes have been sent throughout the solar system to never return back to Earth , They can be stronger than the people ,the robotsin the warfare eliminate putting more people at risk .

Disadvantages of robots:

·                  The robots needs a supply of power , The people can lose jobs in the factories , They need the maintenance to keep them running , It costs a lot of money to make or buy the robots , The software and the equipment that you need to use with the robot cost much money .

·         The robots can take the place of many humans in the factories , So , the people have to find new jobs or be retrained , They can take the place of the humans in several situations , If the robots begin to replace the humans in every field ,  They will lead to unemployment .

·         The robots cost much money in the maintenance and repair , The programs need to be updated to suit the changing requirements , and the machines need to be made smarter , In case of the breakdown , the cost of repair may be very high ,  The procedures to restore lost code or data may be time-consuming and costly .

·         The robots can store large amounts of data but the storage , access, and retrieval is not as effective as the human brain , They can perform the repetitive tasks for long but they do not get better with experience such as the humans do .

·         The robots are not able to act any different from what they are programmed to do ,  With the heavy application of robots , the humans may become overly dependent on the machines , losing their mental capacities , If the control of robots goes in the wrong hands, it may cause the destruction .

·         The robots are not intelligent or sentient , They can never improve the results of their jobs outside of their predefined programming , They do not think , They do not have emotions or conscience , This limits howthe robots can help and interact with people .

Conclusion:

Today we find most robots working for people in industries, factories, warehouses, and laboratories. Robots are useful in many ways. For instance, it boosts economy because businesses need to be efficient to keep up with the industry competition. Therefore, having robots helps business owners to be competitive, because robots can do jobs better and faster than humans can, e.g. robot can built, assemble a car. Yet robots cannot perform every job; today robots roles include assisting research and industry. Finally, as the technology improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials.

References:

1.  robotics". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 4 February 2011.

2.   Nocks, Lisa (2007). The robot : the life story of a technology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

3.   Zunt, Dominik. "Who did actually invent the word "robot" and what does it mean?". The Karel Čapek website. Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2017-02-05.

4.   Asimov, Isaac (1996) [1995]. "The Robot Chronicles". Gold. London: Voyager. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-00-648202-3.