Tuesday, 20 February 2018

Our Department III BCA students published paper in "ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER"...


NAME         :R.NIVETHA ,G.PAVITHRA ,S.UMA MAGESHWARI

CLASS        :III-BCA

COLLEGE :MARUDHAR  KESARI JAIN COLLEGE  FOR WOMEN

TOPIC        :ROBOTICS  AND  COMPUTER


ROBOTICS  AND  COMPUTER

ABSTRACT:
Ourselves  Nivetha,Pavithra,Uma Mageshwari  from 3rd Computer Application at Marudhar kesari jain  college as I wish to publish paper conducted  by department of business administration  of marudhar  kesari jain college  in the topic  of robotics  and  computer. In this paper  we  are  going to see about the meaning of robots,history of robotics,types of robots,laws of robotics,essential characteristics of robots,purpose of robotics, how does  nasa use robots,what are robotics arms,how does nasa use robotic  airplanes,how can robots help astronauts, robotics in industry,types of job in robotics,industrialrobots for different applications
             Computer,history of computer ,parts of computer,Internal parts of computer,uses of computer,advantages of computer,disadvantages of computer,conclusion.

What is a robot?
 It is a system that contains sensors, control systems, manipulators, power supplies and software all working together to perform a task.
·         Designing, building, programming and testing a robots is a combination of physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, structural engineering, mathematics and computing.
·         In some cases biology, medicine, chemistry might also be involved. A study of robotics means that students are actively engaged with all of these disciplines in a deeply problem-posing problem-solving environment.
Robotics is the study of robots. Robots are machines that can be used to do jobs. Some robots can do work by themselves. Other robots must always have a person telling them what to do.
History of  Robotics:


·         The first industrial robot: UNIMATE
·         1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to   Unimation,   which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962).
·         1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by unimation with a general motors design support
·         1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.
·         1995-present: Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up
·         2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars

Types of  Robot:

Ø                          Manipulator
Ø                          Legged Robot
Ø                          Wheeled Robot
Ø                          Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Ø                          Unmanned aerial  Vehicle

Laws  of  Robotics:

• Asimov proposed three  “Laws of Robotics” and later added the “zeroth law”
• Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm
• Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law
• Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law
• Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law 

 Essential characteristics:
  • Sensing:
First of all your robot would have to be able to sense its surroundings. It would do this in ways that are not unsimilar to the way that you sense your surroundings. Giving your robot sensors: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure sensors (hands), chemical sensors (nose), hearing and sonar sensors (ears), and taste sensors (tongue) will give your robot awareness of its environment.
  • Movement:
 A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether rolling on wheels, walking on legs or propelling by thrusters a robot needs to be able to move. To count as a robot either the whole robot moves, like the Sojourner or just parts of the robot moves, like the Canada Arm.
  • Energy
 A robot needs to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered, electrically powered, battery powered. The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
·         Intelligence
 A robot needs some kind of "smarts." This is where programming enters the pictures. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its 'smarts.' The robot will have to have some way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

What is the purpose of  robotics?
Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of  robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies are used to develop machines that can substitute for humans
Knowledgebase for Robotics Disciplines, mathematics, physics, biology, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science
How Does NASA Use Robots
NASA uses robots in many different ways. Robotic arms on spacecraft are used to move very large objects in space. Spacecraft that visit other worlds are robots that can do work by themselves. People send them commands. The robots then follow those commands. This type of robot includes the rovers that explore the surface of Mars. Robotic airplanes can fly without a pilot aboard. NASA is researching new types of robots that will work with people and help them.
What Are Robotic Arms?
NASA uses robotic arms to move large objects in space. The space shuttle's "Canadarm" robot arm first flew on the shuttle's second mission in 1981 the larger Canadarm2. It could be used to. Telescope on five different repair missions. The shuttle and space station arms work together to help build the station. The robotic arms have been used to move new parts of the station into place. The arms also can be used to move astronauts around the station on spacewalks station's. It moves along the outside of the station like an inchworm, attached at one end at a time.An astronaut or someone in Mission Control must control these roboticarms.
How Does NASA Use Robotic Airplanes?
NASA uses many airplanes called UAVs. UAV stands for unmanned aerial vehicle. These planes do not carry pilots aboard them. Some UAVs are flown by remote control by pilots on the ground. Others can fly themselves, with only simple directions. UAVs provide many benefits. The planes can study dangerous places without risking human life. For example, UAVs might be used to take pictures of a volcano.
How Can Robots Help Astronauts?
NASA is developing new robots that could help people in space. For example, one of these ideas is called Robonaut. Robonaut looks like the upper body of a person. It has a chest, head and arms. Robonaut could work outside a spacecraft, performing tasks like an astronaut on a spacewalk. NASA also is studying the possibility of other robots
Robots also can be used as scouts to check out new areas to be explored. Scout robots can take photographs and measure the terrain. This helps scientists and engineers make better plans for exploring.
ROBOTS IN INDUSTRY:
•Agriculture
•Automobile
•Construction
•Entertainment
•Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc.
•Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.
•Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.
• Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.
•Utilities: gas, water, and electric

Types of  job  In  Robotics:
Ø  Robotics  Engineer
Ø  Software Developer
Ø  Technician
Ø  Sales  Engineer
Ø  Robotics   Account Manager
Ø  Opertors
Industrial robots for different applications
The application is the type of work that the robot is designed to do. Robot models are created with specific applications or processes in mind. Different applications will have different requirements. Depending on the target application, the industrial robot will have a specific type of movement, linkage dimension, control law, software and accessory packages.
some types of applications:

§  Welding robots

§  Material handling robots

§  Palletizing robot

§  Painting robot

§  Assembly robot

§  Serial or parallel industrial robots

§  Industrial robot brands



Conclusion:
               people correctly viewed their a computer system as a processor connected to passive peripherals. These include preprocessing data to mitigate the I/O bottleneck, hard-coding functions onto a device for fast, easily supported applications, and supporting application-specific functionality Today we find most robots working for people in industries, factories, warehouses, and laboratories Finally, as the technology improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials. 

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